High-stakes Testing

High Stakes Testing : Education and TechnologyIntroductionIn the early sixties , policymakers began to gather information about the condition of American rule and the specialty of mandated programs by examining standardized results . State trail boards and legislatures began to aspiration demonstrate results as mechanisms of power . They began to add minister rewards and sanctions fix on students writ of execution on mandated rills , making them spunky put on the line raises . Rewards and sanctions were seen as a mode to motivate students , teachers , and civilizes . Test results in effect became a triggering machination to make good and deplorable things happen automatically to individuals and give instructions . As a result , an educational environment was created where test do ats were the sole barometer o f shallow rule success (Corbett Wilson , 1991 Wraga et .al , 2000.305 . Policy makers similarly began to use standardized test data as indicators of the effectiveness of compensatory programs and plan development private roads tried and accredited during the 1950s and 1960s (Maduus . 1988 cited in Wraga et .al , 2000.304 . In theory , educational tests ar an unobtrusive method of estimating students knowledge Depending on the grass related to the test and test results this can be true up . In some situations , students take standardized exams and the piddles ar used appropriately however , many educators , thinking of their own experiences in classrooms as students or as teachers assert that tests go away students and teachers when they perceive that important consequences argon connected results (U .S . Congress . OTA 1992 cited in Wraga et .al , 2000.305 . Due to the initiations of these events , the utilization and expansion of high stakes examen occurred in the field of education and technologyDiscus! sionAn examination or test is said to have high stakes to it when sanctions or rewards are linked directly to exercise . Attaching high stakes to operation on tests , whether public examinations or national assessments , has important consequences .

Students , teachers , and computer program are affected in many ways : computer program and teaching revolve around the examinations , students and teachers put considerable move into test preparation , and potential low scorers may be prevented from taking the examination to boost the school s overall accomplishment (Madaus and Greaney 1985 cited in Greany et al , 1996.96 . High-stakes tes ts may also affect the badness of measurement through the test corruption and test score pollution that seem to accompany them (Greaney and Kellaghan 1996 cited in Greany et al , 1996.96 . High-stakes examination is now entrenched in U .S . public school due to its untoward impact on many minority students such as Chicano , Mexicans (i .e , disproportionate rates of high school diploma denial and grade retention . Given the political nature of the standard-based school reform movement , legal claims of adverse impact brought forth by minority plaintiff ejaculate forward difficult to win in the courts (e .g , as seen in the whelm of plaintiff in the GI Forum caseful (see Valencia and Bernal , 2000 . In light of this political basis of high-stakes resting , reform of such resting entrust likely only be attainable through...If you wishing to nettle a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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