U.s. Indifference And The Holocaust - 1684 Words

U.S. Indifference to the Holocaust On November 25, 1942, approximately three years after Hitler started World War II The New York Times ran their first report that the Nazis had created a policy to eradicate the Jews of Europe. This story, confirmed by the State Department, did not run on the front page. It appeared on page 10 (Ostrow). President Franklin Roosevelt could have made this a major issue, but he said and did nothing. Other popular magazines such as Time, Life, and Newsweek reported virtually nothing on this topic (Ostrow). The people of the United States preferred not to know. If the United States had not practiced an isolationist foreign policy rooted in anti-Semitism, the Holocaust death toll could have been reduced because the killing would have been limited. The reasons behind this compulsion are complex and disturbing. However, the facts are clear. In Robert Schulzinger’s book U.S. Diplomacy Since 1900, he explores how World War I created an environment of isolationism where the U.S. felt justified in remaining silent against Hitler’s tyranny. David Wyman goes a step further and explains that it wasn’t only the effects of World War I that were behind these policies, but anti-Semitism that drove America’s choice to remain silent. This choice to remain silent manifested itself in the immigration laws that were passed during the World War II era that capped immigration from areas under Hitler’s rule. Following World War I, the United States entered a periodShow MoreRelatedU.s. Indifference And The Holocaust1684 Words   |  7 PagesU.S. Indifference to the Holocaust On November 25, 1942, approximately three years after Hitler started World War II The New York Times ran their first report that the Nazis had created a policy to eradicate the Jews of Europe. This story, confirmed by the State Department, did not run on the front page. It appeared on page 10 (Ostrow). President Franklin Roosevelt could have made this a major issue, but he said and did nothing. Other popular magazines such as Time, Life, and Newsweek reportedRead MoreCritical Speech In The Perils Of Indifference By Elie Wiesel755 Words   |  4 PagesCritical speech â€Å"The Perils of Indifference,† sheds lights on to world we live in today has evolved into a society of indifference That stripes us form are sense of human characteristics to help others in need of assistance. He supports his claim by illustrating the affect the U.S indifferences had towards the jews led to the death of countless amount of jews perishing during the holocaust seen in paragraph 2 and 18. In ad dition; In paragraph 8 of â€Å"The Perils of Indifference,† it states that people whoRead MoreThe Perils Of Indifference By Elie Wiesel963 Words   |  4 PagesMillennium Evening at the White House and the 54th year after Franklin Roosevelt’s death. Years after personally experiencing the horrors of the Holocaust and World War II, Elie Wiesel shared his story with America among the President and First-lady, Hillary Clinton, to inspire the world to act upon social and political injustices. In his speech â€Å"The Perils of Indifference†, Wiesel opened up about his past and how it made him realize how important it is to stand up against crimes against humanity. He alsoRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1540 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent forms; from simple shootings to ethnic genocides. Although theses acts of hatred sound widespread and diverse in the cause; it is the indifference and ruthlessness that an individual portrays. This sort of behavior accommodat es society and encourages people to accept and follow its routine and principles, such as the events that took place during the Holocaust. During the time period of 1933 to 1945, Adolf Hitler, an Austrian World War I veteran, decided to partake in twisted behavior. HitlerRead MoreThe Nazi Observatory 1093 Words   |  5 Pagesmistreatment so they let it unconfirmed (â€Å"Holocaust†). When the U.S. government got confirmed information of the concentration camps, gad chambers, death rows, and hash treatments the government kept it classified. When the British Prim Minister Winston Churchill decided to make a stand by having the death camp at Auschwitz to be bombed he was ignored. If he wasn’t ignored and the railroads leading to the camp were bombed it would have saved thousands of lives (â€Å"Holocaust†). Under pressure, President RooseveltRead MoreThe Fire Next Time By James Baldwin906 Words   |  4 PagesBaldwin’s The Fire Next Time greatly relates to the U.S even to this day. Baldwin shows a different side of racism that one might have never thought—while keeping a sense of hope for the future intact. In the first essay dedicated to his nephew, Baldwin says, â€Å"[†¦] and we can make America what America must become,† and it mustn’t become anything without trying (Baldwin 10). Throughout the entire book, Baldwin makes reoccurring references to the Holocaust, comparing it to the racism in America. This connectionRead MoreThe Holocaust : The World War II890 Words   |  4 Pagesmomentous occasion. However, once the title of citizen is acquired there are certain responsibilities that must be fulfilled. Tim Holden said The Holocaust illustrates the consequences of prejudice, racism and stereotyping on a society. It forces us to examine the responsibilities of citizenship and confront the powerful ramifications of indifference and inaction(Holden). Holden’s quote has a specific point that is incredibly important which is confronting the consequences of inaction. Anger andRead MoreThe Importance Of Speaking Up And Being Indifferent867 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the situation, and even gives you a very good perspective on where he is coming from. He recited a very well written speech about the U.S. history, he really sucks you in with his speaker credibi lity, and makes you feeling his passion and belief on being indifferent, and even has very well thought out supporting ideas. When I read ‘The Perils of Indifference’, Elie Wiesel really made me feel like I was there. He started off with a story that was very descriptive. He talked about how this youngRead MoreWhy was the world silent during the Holocaust?859 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Why was the world silent during the Holocaust? By: Mary Katherine Mayes and Sarah Grace Whitt Gadsden Middle School Hitler had an invincible ally without whom he could have never flourished. His ally was the world that chose to endure silence as Germany kept challenging the boundaries of the universal acceptance for its evil actions. The Holocaust didnt begin with crematoria. Hitler moved gradually, carefully intensifying his anti-Jewish guidelinesRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Holocaust1466 Words   |  6 Pagesdeath is preventable and one fails to prevent its occurrence, is he at fault? During and after the Holocaust, citizens of the United States pondered this question in the context of Jewish refugees murdered in Nazi Germany; ultimately, citizens remember this tragic genocide and promise it will not happen again under any circumstances, not only in America, but in other nations as well. Since the Holocaust, leaders and lawmakers in the United States have analyzed the causes that led to this event and designed

Experimental Psychology Stroop Effect - 2268 Words

Running head: EXPLORING THE STROOP EFFECT Racing Hoses and the Stroop Effect Milana Istakhorova Brooklyn College – CUNY Fall 2011. Abstract The research assessed in this article discusses the Stroop effect. The Stroop effect occurs when our selective attention fails and we are unable to attend to some information and ignore the rest. This study tests the Stroop effect by presenting the participant with a congruent or incongruent word and the participant is asked to type the color of the word or the actual word in a series of trials. In this research, it has been found that participants had faster reaction times for congruent items and slower reaction times for incongruent items. In addition, participants had faster reaction times when†¦show more content†¦Method Participants Twenty-one undergraduate, male and female students were recruited from an experimental lab class at the City University of New York Brooklyn College. Materials and Design In this within subjects design, we used a 2 (Congruency: Congruent vs. Incongruent) x 2 (Task Type: Naming color vs. Naming word) factorial; the dependent variable measured was reaction time. The stimuli were presented on a seventeen inch computer monitor and participants were given a standard keyboard for their responses. The software used for this experiment is METACARD. The stimuli used were four words: red, green, blue, yellow; and four colors: red, green, blue, yellow. For the independent variable of congruency, there were four possible congruent items and twelve possible incongruent items. For the independent variable of task, there was one block of forty-eight trials asking the participant to type the word and one block of forty-eight trials asking the participant to type the color. The order of each block was randomly determined by the computer for each participant. Half of the participants did the word naming then color naming; the other half did color naming then word naming. Each trial begins with the presentation of a fixation cross in the center of the screen, visible for 500 milliseconds. The fixation cross is removed and immediately fol lowed by the word and color stimulus; thisShow MoreRelatedStroop Effect Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesExamination of the Stroop Effect among College Students Esmeralda Fierro Dixie State University  Abstract 250 word summary of the paper One paragraph only Do not indent the paragraph An Examination of the Stroop Effect among College Students The Stroop experiment by J. Ridley Stroop in 1935 was performed in order to analyze the reaction time of participant’s stimuli and desired results while also obtaining a collective result of color interference and word reading(Stroop, 1935; Lee Chan,Read MoreThe Stroop Effect Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesThe Stroop effect is demonstrated by the reaction time to determine a color when the color is printed in a different color’s name. Participants respond slower or make more errors when the meaning of the word is incongruent with the color of the word. Despite knowing the meaning of the word, participants showed incapability of ignoring the stimulus attribute. This reflects a clear instance of semantic interference and an unfathomed failure of selective attention (Stroop, 1935). In the study of theRead MoreAn Experimental Investigation Into The Interference Of Conflicting Stimuli On A Response Task1510 Words   |  7 PagesKaur 1 An Experimental Investigation into the Interference of Conflicting Stimuli on a Response Task Sharan Kaur Candidate # IB Psychology SL 6 February 2015 1,322 words â€Æ' Kaur 2 Abstract We are replicating J.R. Stroop’s original experiment The Stroop Effect (Stroop, 1935). The aim of the study was to understand how automatic processing interferes with attempts to attend to sensory information. The independent variable of our experiment was the three conditions, the congruent wordsRead MoreA Replication of the Stroop Effect1944 Words   |  8 PagesA Replication of the Stroop Effect Kimber-Ann Cook Broughton High School 3/26/08 Ms. Greene IB Psychology SL 1, 738 Abstract The Stroop (1935) effect is the inability to ignore a color word when the task is to report the ink color of that word (i.e., to say green to the word RED in green ink). The present study investigated whether object-based processing contributes to the Stroop effect. According to this view, observers are unable to ignore irrelevant features of an attended object (KahnemanRead MoreThe Stroop s Stroop Experiment1308 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In 1935, John Ridley Stroop further researched and printed the whole idea of the Stroop effect which is also named after himself. The main purpose of the stroop experiment is to time how fast the participants are to respond to different coloured stimuli presented to them in different conditions. This measures the cognitive ability of the individuals involved as it tests the memory and focus. The work of John Ridley Stroop was originally a study that came from James McKeen Cattell (1991)Read MoreThe Stroop Effect2978 Words   |  12 PagesAbstract The aim of this experiment is to study autonomic processes by replicating the previously carried out Stroop effect by using numbers. A number of 180 random participants aged in between 18-89 were recruited to participate in this experiment. Participants were presented with a stroop experiment task sheet which consists of three parts which was the control, congruent and incongruent conditions. Time was taken and recorded for each participant to say out the number of stars in the control conditionRead MoreThe Stroop Task Test Essay1978 Words   |  8 Pages1 Gareth Stack - Lab Group 2 Date of practical - 20/10/03 / Date of Submission - 07/11/03 Reaction times related to congruence in a Stroop test of undergraduate students 2 ABSTRACT The Stroop effect, a measure of interference in a reaction time task, was investigated. Twenty undergraduate students of mixed age and gender were each presented with 48 coloured words in turn. These were divided into 16 of each of 3 levels of congruence. The time required to identify the colour of each stimulusRead MoreStroop Effect3373 Words   |  14 PagesExploring the Stroop Effect by using numbers Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to study automatic processes by replicating the previously carried out Stroop effect by using numbers. This experiment was conducted by recruiting 8 participants (4 males and 4 females), who are working in a head-office of Save the Children Organization in Yangon, selected by an opportunistic sample. Participants were presented with a Stroop-experiment-task sheet which consists of two parts which was the congruentRead MoreInternal Assessment : The Stroop Effect2357 Words   |  10 Pages Psychology Internal Assessment The Stroop Effect â€Å"An experimental investigation into the interference of conflicting stimuli on a response task† Candidate Name: Grace Jo Candidate Number: ? (I don’t know my candidate number) Subject: Standard Level Psychology Date of Submission: School: Vanguard High School Word Count: 1488 Abstract The aim of this experiment was to replicate the Stroop Effect and to investigate the interference in the reaction time in hundredths of a secondRead MoreExperiment : Stroop s Stroop Effect1026 Words   |  5 Pages IB Psychology SL Internal Assessment May 2017 Word Count: Stroop Effect Abstract The aim of this experiment was to replicate the experiment Stroop (1935). This study was the basis of the Stroop effect, which says that common tasks such as identifying a color can be interfered by automated processes, such as reading. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Method Design Participants Materials Procedure Results

Street Children Free Essays

Street Children â€Å"People don’t love us,† says Tigiste, a 12 years old street girl from Addis Ababa. A small example of how these kids suffer everyday, as Tigiste, there are many kids like her all over the world. One of these countries that has a huge problem in this issue is Egypt. We will write a custom essay sample on Street Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now But who is a street kid? how can we classify these children by that name? and what is the number of them? â€Å"A street child is defined as any boy or girl for whom the street in the widest sense of the word has become his or her habitual abode and/or source of livelihood, and who is inadequately protected, supervised, or directed by responsible adults† (ESCWA).Omneya Ragab, writer in Al-Ahram weekly says, â€Å"Among the estimated tens of thousands children in street situations, 65% escape family problems, 30% are out in the streets to earn money for themselves and their families while 23% are forced to leave by family members. It is estimated that the number of these children is ranged between 200,000 and 2,000,000. You can find them sleeping on pavements, standing at traffic, shining shoes, selling newspapers or notice them under bridges. The main cause of this phenomenon is poverty.Although there are not reliable studies, but it is assumed that â€Å"the percentage of those living on less than $1 a day is 3. 4 % while the percentage of those living on less than $2 a day is 42. 8 %†(ESCWA). Other causes are : violence, an old thought that a child has to work at an early age and stop education and falling preys for employers, a member in family or by their peers. Effects are clearly observed as this resulted to depending on charity, sexual abuse and continuing of a series of violence in general and illness. So, this essay will demonstrate the causes of this problem, then the effects in details and how can this problem be solved tackling some projects that are already done to face this. So as to analyze any problem we should know its cause which will lead us to understand its effects in a better way. A life of a child is at stake, everyday these innocent kids are exposed to danger. First it comes from family, which circumstances affects them and lead to uncontrollability in actions whether from a member of a family or by any sudden unexpected event, like the one that happened at AL Dewe’a or by losing contact with the parents including death.This could result in displacement of these children were they can’t find a place or shelter except under a bridge, infront of mosques or in any public place like gardens for example. Also, another cause is, the deprivation of education. Based on the Egyptian 2006 census, â€Å"the percentage of children between 6 and 18 years who never enrolled or who have dropped out of basic education was 14. 7 %, amounting to around three million children. The gross enrolment rate of children in basic, secondary and tertiary levels was 76. %†. It was found that the main causes of that is the violence they suffer at home, school or at work; which lead afterwards that parents urge them to work only because that is more profitable and gives instant cash flows. The problem is that the child becomes fed up and start to search for the prefered environment but finds that in the street which is an exit to change their lives. Yet they suffer more violence with a constant feeling of insecurity; from older street children, abusive community members or from the police.So they are urged to submit, whether it was for an employer who could be an older street child or to the police and in both ways they will feel pain and humiliation. This can be by abuse, rape or other ways of torture. According to Human Rights Watch, police beatings are purely punitive or correctional in approach: in other words, they are used to â€Å"teach the children a lesson†! And by the street children you can find the worse as sexual violence may lead to unwanted pregnancies for girls and extreme injuries for both genders. How to cite Street Children, Papers Street Children Free Essays [pic] NAME OF CANDIDATE: CENTER #: CANDIDATE #: TERITORY: JAMAICA YEAR: 2013 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Street children in my community ? What are the factors that influence children to live on the streets? ? What are the measures that can be taken to get them into homes/places of safety? RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What are the factors that influence children to live on the streets? 2. What are the effects of living on the streets affects these children? 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Street Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now What are the measures that can be taken to get street children off the streets? METHOD OF INVESTIGATION The method of investigation chosen is the questionnaire. The questionnaire as chosen as a tool for collecting information because of a number of advantages they are: 1. It requires less time to be completed. 2. It is highly confidential since no name is required. 3. It can be done base on the person’s schedule. REASON FOR SELECTING AREA OF RESEARCH The area in which the research will be done is the down town area. The reason for selecting this particular area is as a result of the high rate of street children on the streets of down town. It was observed that these children have been on the street on several occasions. I want to explore the causes and effects of their phenomena. PROCEDURES FOR DATA COLLECTION In the area of Down Town Kingston there are thousands of different streets. Some of which are more crowded with street children than others. There was a minimum of 1 street children present on these streets and a maximum of 2. In the less crowded streets of the area, 10 street children were present respectively, questionnaires were given to each. On the streets which were less crowded 6 males were present and 4 females, their ages from 10-17 years. On the street that was more crowded, 16 males and 4 females present their ages also ranged from 10-17 years. When approached and asked if they would complete the questionnaire some demanded money while others immediately agreed, no one refused. Some needed little or no help. 30 questionnaires were issued, all of which were complete and returned immediately to the researcher who waited on them patiently. When they were finished and counted 8 females and 22 males actually completed the questionnaires. DATA ANALYSIS Street children, where is their place in society? Red Rat, a local DJ aptly describes Jamaicans view on the home of street children when he sang that they â€Å"No Live Nuh Wey†. His song also highlights the hardship experienced by children, the activities they get involved in and their aspirations. This project then, seeks to answer two main questions: 1. Why are these children living on the streets of my community? 2. What are the measures that can be taken to get street children off the streets? In order to provide a comprehensive answer to these two questions, the project will first look at the major cause of this phenomenon, urbanization. It will then look at the spatial location of street children in my community and in Kingston. The focus will then move to who they are, why they are on the streets and the activities in which they are engaged. It will also examine how effective institutions are in meeting the needs of the children. This is done in an attempt to determine whether or not there is hope for these children. This project will conclude by making suggestions on how to give hope to street children. Waugh, (2000), describes urbanization as the process by which an increasing proportion of the total population, usually of a country, lives in towns and cities. This growth is due to natural increase and to a larger extent rural-urban migration. Map 1,page 2, shows that the most densely populated parishes are in the areas of the Kingston Metropolitan Region, which includes Kingston, St. Andrew and St. Catherine, (Census 2001). Urbanization in these areas has placed stress on the available resources and has led to overcrowding, which in turn has led to several problems. These include shortages of houses and the development of slums/ghettos, crime and violence, unemployment and underemployment and the incidence of street people specifically, children. The stance of this project is that street children are victims of urbanization. Agnelli, 1986 confirms our stance when he wrote that the phenomenon of street children is urban in nature, as there are no rural street children. Map 2, page 3, further confirms this. [pic] [pic] The writer of this project define Street children as those children who are under the age of seventeen years who live or work on the streets as a regular daily activity. This is endorsed by Lusk et. al (1992) in an article entitled Children in need, described street children as any child for whom the street has become his or her habitual abode and /or source of livelihood, and who is inadequately protected, supervised, or directed by adults. In an interview with a social worker, the profile of a street child was outlined; he mistrust people, he enjoys his independence, he tends to be rebellious, he dislikes authoritarianism or ridged control, he can be rehabilitated, he can cope under difficult circumstances and he is nomadic. The writers of this article indicated that there are three categories of street children: Children on the streets – are those who still have links with families and attend school, but work on the streets outside of school hours. Children of the streets – are those whose links with the family are remote and who consider the street to be their home. Abandoned children – are those who are completely on their own and have no links with their families. Numerous reasons have been given to explain the presence of the children on the roads. A Gleaner article of August 23, 2011 highlighted three reasons: It claimed that some children are orphaned as their parents were killed in shooting sprees in the inner city areas, some parents have migrated and have left them in the care of uncaring relatives, friends and older siblings. In another article found in the Sunday Gleaner on August 25, 2011, the writer quoted the former project coordinator of Wings, in saying that the boys were put out of their homes by their parents, and that some were coerced into the streets because of overcrowded homes. In another article found in the Gleaner on March 15, 2002, the writer critically stated that the children were on the streets because they were either truants from the school system or a product of dysfunctional families. From our research, we have found that a typical street child is a 12-year-old boy from a female- headed household, the average size of which is five persons, where his guardian either is unemployed or marginally employed. The responses from the questionnaire regarding the reason for their absence from school suggest that socio-economic deprivation is indeed a major factor. Some even responded sayings that they were forced peddle wares on the streets to supplement the family’s income; others were suspended or expelled from school, while there were a few who stated that there was no reason. Irregular school attendance for those who are actually enrolled into a school is a popular feature found among the street children interviewed. Many went to school only three days per week; using the remaining days of the week to perform their personal activities. For those who were absent from school only once or twice per week, Thursday and Friday were their preferred days to be absent. This they stated enabled them to go to the market to beg and or sell. Thursday is the wholesale day in the major retail market and Friday being payday, is a popular market day for workers in the urban centres. These days proved to be most profitable for these child labourers as they earn much of their money transporting goods for the shoppers. Based on the responses of the children from the questionnaire, it is possible to assess and determine the main â€Å"push factors† which has inevitably resulted in them being on the street. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE INCREASING NUMBER OF STREET CHILDREN 11% 30%State 19% 33% Parents Abusers Peers 7%Severe Poverty Push Factors a) The state – Overcrowding of the educational or childcare system is the primary cause for movement of the children from the institutions provided. The state neglects their responsibilities by not adequately funding these institutions. The signs were evident in the inner city schools visited where the teacher – pupil ratio is about 1:60. In addition, the lack of desk and chairs, stationery and other vital equipment causes discomfort for the students and teachers. b) The consequences of the actions of parents such as neglect, migration or directly sending their children out on the streets, forces them to fend for themselves hence causing child labour. ) Physical, sexual or emotional abuse, caused by parents or guardians usually leads to the child running away from home and thereby being forced into child labour d) Peer pressure –The feeling of inadequacy at school discourages then from wanting to learn, especially if they are being teased and ridiculed and hence they are push into child labour. e) Severe poverty – The children are forced unto the streets to supplement the inadequate income of the household, o ften following the laying off from work of the primary caregiver. ) Those who enter into child labour primarily of their own volition, in order to help out their parents or to become more independent themselves; and g) Those entering as a direct result of family crisis like the illness or death of the primary caregiver. Pull Factors A. â€Å"Pop Culture† influences children, in that it dictates the clothing and styles to be worn in order for them to be considered fashionable. When children of a poor socio economic background see their friends in the latest fashions, living a carefree life without any responsibilities this entices them to want to follow this trend. However due to their poor financial circumstances they are unable to afford these trends, hence leading them to go out and fend or work for themselves in an attempt to afford these styles. B. In a paper published by David Dunkley’s on February 11, 1999, Turf wars were cited as one of the reasons for boys not returning home at nights. From having spoken to street children ourselves, we saw that this was in fact one of the reasons many felt they could not return home at nights and so remained on the streets, as they feared for their lives. Others received money, protection and the needed support from the â€Å"don† (local area leader), who used them as carriers for their illicit wares. On interviewing these children, we also realized that a few of them had behavioral problems. It was found that the children, who exhibited extreme forms of behavioral problems, were from larger families with one or no parent and were the ones who were particularly into sporadic school attendance. They were the ones who were also from depressed communities where overcrowding was a problem and living conditions were poor. During our research, a child highlighted some of his reason for being on the streets. He reported that he lived in a single room house with his mother and other siblings and was forced to leave the house when his mother was â€Å"entertaining†. Another child, who resided with his grandparent, complained that he could not live with her because she was miserable and demanding. Hence he avoided going home as he disliked the living conditions and is thereby a street child. In our survey, 92% of the children were boys and they were involved in a number of activities: they pushed carts, they carried people’s luggage. They sold items for others, they bought and sold items, some went to sea and some were there just to check their â€Å"brethren†. One little boy in particular said that when he is on the street he â€Å"run up an’ down†. Not surprisingly though is the fact that the majority are involved in one or another economic activity. In fact 75% admitted to be so involved. These activities, according to these children yield great returns. In 1986 children were making a maximum of $21. 00 per day, now 75% of them made over $1000. 00 per day. One child stated that he made over $1,800. 0 per day. Seventeen percent of them were reluctant to reveal their daily earnings or simply did not know. If these figures are truly representative of what a child makes on the street, it is no wonder that they are willing to remain there regardless of the harsh treatment, which is meted out to them by the general public. It is evident that the economic pull to street life is greater now than i n the 1980s and 1990s. Hence this remains a major factor for children being on the streets. When we question, â€Å"Why are these children living on the streets in my community? there are many reasons and excuses. Many are in search of love and acceptance; others see it as a means of survival or an outlet. The real question however is, â€Å"Is there hope for these children? † In answering the question, is there hope for these children, one would be tempted to give a resounding yes. But can this be justified? The plight of the street children has not been ignored by the Jamaican Government, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and International organizations. In fact, programmes have been put in place to alleviate problems of child labour in Kingston. These include RISE Life Management who plays a great role in my community, Children First, Hope for Children, The Possibility Programme, St. Andrew Care Centre, the National Initiative for Street Children (NISC), Tackle Child Labour by the International Labour Organization and the Socialization Project by the Kingston Restoration Company. Mainly the United Children Educational Foundation (UNICEF) funds many of these programmes. All of the named institutions have been established to alleviate problems of child labor and neglected children in the metropolitan area. Most of these institutions aim at giving these children institution Management provides counseling, classes and youth programs for street children in my community. Children First aims at reintroducing them into the formal school system. It reunites them with their families and monitors their attendance in the government schools. Map 3 shows their specific location in Kingston, and proximity to my community the main study area. The residence of the street children are located in mostly densely populated homes where the standard of living is low and living conditions harsh. Many of the institutions that are put in place to help them are located within the community or close by. [pic] In these institutions, a number of activities are planned for the children, some outside the classroom. All the organizations have regular school activities inclusive of Mathematics, English, Reading, Social Studies, Science, and Computing. At Children First there is a thematic teaching system in which themes are chosen by the students, for example, â€Å"Children Rights†. They also offer skills training programs such as cosmetology, barbering and photography. At NISC, Children First for example, has aided a number of students to attend universities both local and international. For example, there is a student studying medicine in Cuba, and one, at The Edna Manley School Of Art is studying to become an actor. Two-thirds of the staff is graduates of the program. Mrs. Pious, executive director of Children First has found that in order to improve the lives of the children, it is often necessary to improve the lives of the parents or guardians as well. As a result, the program has enabled many parents to start small businesses such as chicken rearing, ewing and goat rearing. At Hope for Children, students have been involved in drama. A few of their past productions include â€Å"Come Listen to We†, â€Å"Wicked Reality† and â€Å"Man, Woman and Child†. The street children in my community seemed very ambitious and their occupational aspirations were wide and varied. Figure 2 shows the career choice of the street children. DESIRED OC CUPATION OF THE STREET CHILDREN 10 8 6 4 2 0 OCCUPATIONS What is noticeable is that only the needs of the carpenter and the fisherman and to a lesser extent that of a truck driver are catered to by these institution. The implication of this is that if they boys are taken off the street and placed in any of these institutions, their aspirations would not be met. The formal educational institutions however could meet their goals, but they have to, to a large extent turn their backs on these institutions. One still have to wonder, is there hope for these children? What is heartening is that the children, although they were on the street, thought that education was important and that it was the only way for them to achieve their goals. In fact, 83% of them believe that education is important in their acquiring their career goals. It is often times said that where there is a will there is a way. Even though many of the children have the desire to attain upper socio-economic mobility, they were often times forced to attend these institutions. When the Administrators were asked about the institutionalization of the children, they indicated that few children came in voluntarily. In fact, Most of the children were sent there by parents, concerned citizens and police officers. Overall, having been forced to attend has caused them to be defiant and hostile to the programme. At Children First most of the children attend voluntarily and hence their level of success is greater. We also found from our interview that 6% of the children did not even know where the institutions were located or even that they existed. Overall, from my observation, the programmes I have studied have shown a level of success. But in light of the negative aspects, which we have observed, I recommend the following: 1. A public education programme on radio and television, which highlights why contributions should be given directly to the programmes in place instead of the children. . Implementing more self-help schemes for the parents or guardians of the street children, that is, helping them to generate a steady income. 3. Government should make the needs of street children one of its priorities. More money should be allocated to these programmes to effect changes. 4. Make the public aware of the plight of our nation’s future through the introduction of a Street Children Day in Child month and Media coverage (when people become aware, they will become sympathetic and generous). DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT Sample of Questionnaire 1. Gender Tick (/) Male ( )Female ( ) 2. Age 10-11 years ( )12-13 years ( )14-15 years ( )16-17 years ( ) 3. How long have you been on the streets? 6 months-1 year ( )2-3 years ( )4-5 years ( )6 years and over ( ) 4. When you were at home, what type of family did you live in? Single ( )Nuclear ( )Extended ( ) Other ( ) 5. Do you plan on returning home? Yes ( ) No ( ) 6. Do you like living on the street? Yes ( ) No ( ) 7. What are some of the factors that are responsible for you becoming a street child? Abandoned by parents ( )Disruptive behaviors/can’t be controlled ( ) Ran away from home ( )Other ( ) 8. What was the main punishment received at home? Beating/Flogging ( )Indecent language ( )Being put to starve ( ) Other ( ) 9. What type of relationship do you have with your family now that you are on the streets? Excellent ( )Poor ( ) Fair ( ) None ( ) 10. Do you think its better being on the streets that at home? Yes ( ) No ( ) If yes why? ______________________________________________________________ 11. How do you provide for yourself on the streets? Begging ( )Stealing ( )Searching household garbage ( ) 12. Do you ever wish you never left home? Yes ( )No ( ) 13. How does being a street child affect you emotionally? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 14. How does being a street child affect your physical appearance? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 15. Were you in school? Yes ( )No ( ) 16. If yes what grade/form where you in? 17. Are you able to read and write? Yes ( )No ( ) 18. What are the measures that can be taken to get street children off the streets? Put them in state homes ( ) Have counseling sessions with them and put them up for adoption ( ) Establish laws to punish parents who contribute to their child being on the streets ( ) 19. Do you think the measures will work for you? Yes ( ) No ( ) Maybe ( ) 20. What can persons who wish to become parents do to avoid children leaving home to live on the streets? Attend parenting sessions on how to care for the child ( ) Talk to the child/children to find out what is bothering them ( ) Get involved in activities at the child school to see how well they are doing () BIBLIOGRAPHY Agnelli (1986), Street Children- A growing urban tragedy -Report for the Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues Boyce-Reid, k. (1993) A Report on Street Children Projects http://gvnet. com/streetchildren/Jamaica. htm David Dunkley(1999) :Street Children- effects of urbanization ———————– School Based Assessment on Street Children in my community FISHERMAN FIRE MAN CARPENTER PERCENTAGES DOCTOR BUSINESS MAN TEACHER TRUCK DRIVER BANK CLERK Stall Cart How to cite Street Children, Essay examples

International Business Robust Analysis and Discussion †Sample

Question: Discuss about the International Business for Robust Analysis and Discussion? Answer: Introduction: This assignment is about robust analysis and discussion of an esteemed organization which regularly features in business journals and documents. The report is all about illustrative and comprehensive write-up about The Coca Cola Company and its financial details. The author has extensively researched about financial as well as non-financial data of the Coca Cola Company. Coca Cola is a leading consumer goods company in UK. The company is highly famous for the flagship product Coca Cola. The branding strategy and formula of the company were bought by Asa Griggs Candler, who created the Coca Cola company is the year 1892. The organization manufactures syrup content which has extensive territory regarding bottling and marketing. The performance graph of the company is laid below (coca-colacompany.com, 2015). A comparative graphical analysis stated above reflects on the performance of the Coca Cola with regard to players or competitors namely, Archer Daniels Midland Company, Brown-Forman Corporation, Campbell Soup Company, ConAgra Foods, Inc., Constellation Brands, Inc., BG Foods, Inc., Dean Foods Company, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., Darling Ingredients Inc., Herbalife Ltd., The Hershey Company, Hormel Foods Corporation, Kellogg Company, The J.M. Smucker Company etc. Rationale for selection: Coca Cola has been on the forefront in the industry and a major player in the domain of consumer goods for over an extended period. The overall business operations of Coca Cola define simplicity and easiness. The company has never deviated from its core ethos and business values as promulgated by the founders of the organization (Aula and Heinonen 2016). Throughout the decades, Coca Cola has managed to sustain the values and ethics in the industry. Coca-Cola has remained consistent when communicating one robust and powerful message: enjoyment. Persisting with simple slogans the likes of Enjoy and Happiness never fades out of style and attracts attention of masses quickly across the length and breadth of the world. Measurement of Cola Cola's achievement can be simply done (Ir.cokecce.com 2016). Their success is reflected by the product quality and figures are reflected in sales. Currently, Coca Cola has lead the industry by having the most popular and consumed soft drinks in world (Ba ah 2015). Critically speaking, Coca Cola had its share of unsuccessful times. In developed markets, the growth of the booming drinks industry from the 1970s to the 1990s came to a standstill. At that period, the competition was intensifying from players other players. Adding to that, consumers were becoming more health conscious and wary of health drinks. Other environmental issues cropped up then (Balmer 2012). Coca Cola devised a strategy of modifying its core product line. It launched Diet Coke or Coke Light thereby adding to revenue and growth. First, growth can be found in mature or stable categories. The success of the organization underlines that. Second, companies should be flexible concerning their business model and functions. Hence, it is indeed worth learning from Coca Cola about how to do business in keeping with various issues and concerns yet flourishing the way it has (Pendergrast 2013). Performance Analysis: For analysis of the performance of Coca Cola of Ratios has been made asunder. Profitability Ratios 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Return on capital employed Net Operating Income/ ( Total Assets - Current Liabilities) 13.81% 16.22% 17.24% 18.95% 14.87% Return on Equity Net Income / Equity 28.77% 23.41% 25.88% 27.51% 27.37% Net Profit Percentage Net Income / Net Sales 16.60% 15.45% 18.38% 18.76% 18.42% Gross Profit Percentage Gross Profit / Net Sales 60.54% 61.20% 60.88% 60.25% 60.86% Operating Profit Percentage Operating Income / Net Sales 19.71% 21.07% 22.97% 23.00% 21.82% Liquidity Ratios Current ratio Current Asset/ Current Liabilities 1.24% 1.02% 1.13% 1.09% 1.05% Quick Ratio Quick Assets/ Current Liabilities 0.72% 0.81% 0.90% 0.77% 0.78% Working Capital Management Ratio Working Capital Turnover Ratio Working capital turnover = Net operating revenues Working capital 60.42% 75.16% 13.41% 19.15% 38.34% Capital Structure Inventory Turnover Ratio Cost of Goods Sold/ Inventory 5.80% 5.77% 5.62% 5.84% 5.89% Stock Holding Period ( Days) 365/ Inventory Turnover 12.58% 11.77% 11.14% 11.18% 12.01% Stock Market Performance Price/ Earnings ratio EPS/MPS 0.04% 5.07% 5.23% 5.76% 5.53% Dividend Yield Dividend per share / Current Share Price 3.13% 3.29% 2.97% 2.95% 3.02% A SWOT analysis will demonstrate the performance of Coca Cola Company last few years is laid below: Strengths Quality of product offered to the customers is high. Coca-Cola has strong position in the UK market. It has been able to sustain a healthy financial state of affairs, and pays high dividends to the investors. Coca Cola holds world's largest market share in beverages which amounts to about 40%. The company enjoys having one of the most loyal consumer groups across the globe. Coca Cola being the largest beverage manufacturer in the world has significant powers over its suppliers to attain the lowest price. Coca Cola is increasingly aiming its operations on Customer Social Responsibilities through varied initiatives like energy conversation, recycling, and packaging which boosts the firm's social image and provides an edge over its competitors in the industry. Weakness Lack of diversification in products and services is an important shortcoming. Coca Cola offers only syrup based items as products. It should introspect over the introduction of new products to diversify its business operations (Bes-Rastrollo et al. 2013). Sometimes, the firm is accused of adverse publicity by drawing criticism from various quarters over the high level of water usage in the products. Opportunities The consumer goods business in UK has the high rate of growth in the future. Individuals of different culture reside in UK. The firms or MNCs in UK showcase an increase in number of customers each year. This has increased the business for the same domain. Due to several awareness of demand to fight obesity and health issues, the need for nutritious food products has considerably risen (Nguyen and Nguyen 2015). Therefore, Coca Cola has enormous opportunities for the introduction of food items and calories which are low fat in nature. Consumption of soft drinks and beverages is still on a high as far as BRIC nations are concerned. The firm could have inroads into the market of those countries. Threats 1. Coca Cola company operates in a highly competitive market. It has heavy competition from other FMCG industry. The players namely, PepsiCo and others are fast catching on Coca Cola. Hence, its imperative for the firm to devise new strategies and plans and work out the plan subsequently. Consumers across the globe are becoming health conscious and mainly avoid soft drinks which are carbonated in nature. The problem here is that the firm primarily serves carbonated items. Few of Coca Colas products have adverse health concerns. Hence, some governments of respective nations are contemplating to pass legislations which would mean that the firm would have to provide information disclosing health information on its label. The financial performance of Coca Cola has exposed strong growth in terms of profitability index. Growth has been witnessed in the EPS of shareholders. The rate of divided has also demonstrated steady and stable growth over the said time. The Summary and break-up of analysis of ratios above is discussed below: Profitability Ratios Years 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Return on capital employed Net Operating Income/ ( Total Assets - Current Liabilities) 13.81% 16.22% 17.24% 18.95% 14.87% Return on Equity Net Income / Equity 28.77% 23.41% 25.88% 27.51% 27.37% Net Profit Percentage Net Income / Net Sales 16.60% 15.45% 18.38% 18.76% 18.42% Gross Profit Percentage Gross Profit / Net Sales 60.54% 61.20% 60.88% 60.25% 60.86% Operating Profit Percentage Operating Income / Net Sales 19.71% 21.07% 22.97% 23.00% 21.82% The profitability position of an organization can be derived from profitability ratios. It include return on the capital employed, Net Profit margin , return on equity, , Gross Profit margin, and operating profit Margin. Here, key indicators as far as profitability ratios are concerned are Net Profit Percentage, Return on Capital Employed, G/P Percentage and Operating Profit Percentage respectively. Coca Cola has experienced a steady and reasonable growth regarding profitability. Amongst all, G/P rate achieved the best reading (Thomas 2014). Liquidity Ratios Years 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Quick Ratio Quick Assets/ Current Liabilities 0.72% 0.81% 0.90% 0.77% 0.78% Current ratio Current Asset/ Current Liabilities 1.240% 1.02% 1.13% 1.09% 1.05% Liquidity ratios state the ability of the organization to repay its current liabilities. Current ratio and the quick ratio are the two liquidity ratios which portray information regarding the liquidity position of organization (Financials.morningstar.com 2016). The quick ratio excludes the inventory. The liquidity position of the organization has been sound. The company has not being able to repay the current liabilities in an efficient manner with the current assets. It reveals that firm has used its inventory effectively. Working Capital Management Ratio Years 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Working capital turnover Ratio Net operating revenues Working capital 60.42% 75.16% 13.41% 19.15% 38.34% The working capital turnover has been deducted on dividing net operating revenues by the working capital. In Coca Cola, the working capital turnover of the company has been impressive in the year 2014 (Kraft and Schwartz 2015). However, the same had a decline which lasted between 2011 till 2013. The preceding year has seen a fair result which is better than years of 2011 to 2013. Capital Structure Years 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Inventory Turnover Ratio Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory 5.80% 5.77% 5.62% 5.84% 5.89% Stock Holding Period ( Days) 365/ Inventory Turnover 12.58% 11.77% 11.14% 11.18% 12.01% The capital structure consists of Inventory turnover and stock holding period. The capital structure of Coca Cola provides with a sound picture of both. The inventory is computed by dividing Cost of goods sold (CGS) by stock. It has experienced a steady run over the period of five years (Hwang et al. 2015). The stock holding period has been impressive in the year 2015. Otherwise, the remainder of years has witnessed a moderate performance. Stock Market Performance Years 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Price/ Earnings ratio EPS/MPS 0.04% 5.07% 5.23% 5.76% 5.53% Dividend Yield Dividend per share / Current Share Price 3.13% 3.29% 2.97% 2.95% 3.02% The stock market performance or activity of a firm is figured out by results of price earnings ratio and dividend yield (Gardner et al. 2012). Price earnings ratio is attained by dividing earning per share by market price of the share. Whereas, the dividend yield has experienced a stable growth for over five years. Nonfinancial performance indicators: Employee Satisfaction- Coca Cola can use the following nonfinancial performance indicators. The firm has to maintain its worthiness amongst the employees. They put strong value to meet the objectives of the employees (Reddy et al. 2016). The company has maintained healthy relation with investors. It has recruited quality employees. The same have been trained via graduate programs thereby maintaining a pool of efficient human resources. The organization is spending funds for training of the employees. Despite adverse economic climate, the company has invested in training the employees. The company has come up with innovative solutions to increase their effectiveness in decision making. It has led to enhancement of its collaboration with the supply chain in order to deliver better quality product to customers. The company has special custom in place to uphold the culture of the organization. The group is boasts of maintenance of its health and the safety standards within its ranks. It will manage issues by the innovative policy. Corporate governance: The organization understands the importance of corporate governance. Coca Cola has never entered into any kind of unethical practices with other organizations (Morrison and Humlen 2015). It has placed definite value on distribution of the rights amongst various participants in group. The various decisions-making process of the organization is governed by rules of corporate governance (Russell et al. 2016). The objectives of the groups are laid by the norms of corporate governance. The company has individual ethos and values. Various mechanisms are followed for monitoring performance and actions of the organization. CSR: The corporation has focused on nonfinancial area i.e. enhancement of its image in the public domain (Strand 2013). This will increase the confidence of the company in the realm of interested parties, and customers and others will build healthy relationship with the community. The objectives of the organization will enable it to sustain its brand image (Karnani 2013). All the activities should generate positive and encouraging feedback from the media and others by and large. Limitations of Ratio Analysis: Ratio analysis can be used for a comparison of financial health in a quantifiable manner and other financial data of the company along with other firms and helps the researcher to gain an overview of cash flows, results and financial statements. Nevertheless, there are certain limitations which are laid as follows. All the figures obtained from ratio analysis results from the actual historical results. There may be deviation of the results in future. However, ratio analysis can be used onpro formainformation and make a comparison the same to historical results for internal uniformity. In the event of change of rate of inflation during the period, this means that the numbers cannot be compared across diverse periods. For instance, if the rate was 100% in a year, then the sales would have revealed to have doubled in the next year, whereas in reality there is no change in sales. This offers erroneous reading going forward (Van Calster et al. 2016). The information obtained from a partic ular financial statement line item might be computed in a different manner earlier so that ratio analysis on the trend line does not give rise to the same information throughout the entire leaning period. A company might modify the basic operational structure to an extent that the ratio will be computed previously and if it is compared to the same ratio today would offer an ambiguous results. For example, if one had implemented constraint analysis system, this may result in reduction in the investment in the fixed assets whereas a ratio analysis might conclude that the company is letting its fixed asset base become excessively matured (Leibold 2015). Different organizations have different strategies for recording a same transaction amount. For example, in Coca Cola, one may applywritten down value method of depreciationwhile the other company uses straight-line of depreciation. Hence it may be hazardous to conduct a ratio analysis for comparison between two firms that have different strategies. For example, Coca-cola might be follow low-cost strategy, and it has willingness to acknowledge lowergross margin level in exchange for market share (Marketwatch.com 2016). Conversely, a company belonging to the same industry may focus on a better customer service strategy where the prices are much higher, and gross margins are much higher, but it will not attain the levels of revenue of first firm. Various companies operate in different industries each having different environmental conditions such as market structure, regulation etc. These factors turn out to be significant that comparing two separate organizations from different industries could be misleading. Hence following a uniform ratio analysis structure for Coca Cola along with its players can be misleading. Financial accounting information is influenced by the estimates and the assumptions. Accounting standards provide allowance to different policies of accounting , which plagues comparability and hence the r atio analysis is not that useful for situations.. Conclusion and recommendation: PepsiCo and Coca-Cola are reputable organizations with reasonable outlook which is positive, but PepsiCo has been enjoying a firm growth. Towards the end of June 2015, Coca Colas income decreased by 1.8%. The net income over the same period fell by 17%. PepsiCos income upped by 4.0% during the time period of June 2015, while rise in net income was 8.6%. Coca Cola showcased delivery of 7.7% CAGR than the last decade, which has been superseded by PepsiCo's 8.6%. The researchers assume that Coca Cola's income to rise by 5.8% in the year 2016, by 4.22% amounting to CAGR during the next 5 years. The analysts estimate around 8.6% growth in EPS for PepsiCo, followed by a 5.9% CAGR over the next 5 years (al and Adams 2014). Coca cola and PepsiCo cannot be considered to experience high rate of growth, but PepsiCo has seen definite edge in the historical as well as the expected growth in case of top line and profits (Yan and Mei 2015). On the other hand, Coca Cola has seen higher margins in comparison to that of PepsiCo. The cost of equity capital is lower than the cost of debt capital. Various investors plead with high debt capital structures for stable firms. Leverage ratios do not specify that which company is superior to the other, but investors and other interested parties should be conscious that PepsiCo carries more debt than Coca Cola (Omar et al. 2014). (For stock related graph, please refer to Appendix 1). The performance of Coca Cola is better than that of PepsiCo in terms of liquidity position, although both companies function with same liquidity and none are mainly uncertain. Coca Colas current ratio is maintained at a higher level than that of PepsiCos and both perform efficiently. Coca Colas quick ratio somewhat higher than PepsiCos quick ratio. Risk-averse investors do not find the indicators attractive. Financial risk is not seen in any of the cases. Both companies can be said to be financial healthy position , and Coca-Cola has enjoyed a slightly better position in the financial state of affairs detailed structure. This overall, lays the fact that. While the numbers of challenges facing Coca-Cola are profuse, this group does have a good deal of assurance for the future. Its overall size, force and fiscal resources have it well situated to take advantage of important possession targets. Plus, the companys brand appeal and underwriting will see it remain as a top-tier beverage pr ovider in near future. Overall, the business has great prospects References: Aula, P., and Heinonen, J., 2016. The Power of Corporate Purpose. InThe Reputable Firm(pp. 83-98). Springer International Publishing. Baah, S., 2015. The Coca-Cola Company.Strategic Management. Balmer, J.M., 2012. Corporate Brand Management Imperatives.California Management Review,54(3), pp.6-33. Bes-Rastrollo, M., Schulze, M.B., Ruiz-Canela, M. and Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A., 2013. Financial conflicts of interest and reporting bias regarding the association between sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review of systematic reviews.PLoS Med,10(12), p.e1001578. al, B. and Adams, R., 2014. The Effect of Hedonistic and Utilitarian Consumer Behavior on Brand Equity: TurkeyUK Comparison on Coca Cola.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,150, pp.475-484. Financials.morningstar.com, 2016.Growth, Profitability, and Financial Ratios for Coca-Cola Co (KO) from Morningstar.com. [online] Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=KO [Accessed 22 Feb. 2016]. Gardner, J.C., McGowan, C.B. and Susan Jr, E.M., 2012. Valuing Coca-Cola using the free cash flow to equity valuation model.Journal of Business Economics Research (Online),10(11), p.629. Hwang, C.Y., Titman, S. and Wang, Y., 2015. 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Estimation and Inference of a Time-dependent Second-order Diffusion Model with Application to Financial Time Series.Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, (just-accepted).